Bangladesh Delta Plan
2100
“The Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP)
2100 is the plan moving Bangladesh forward for the next
100 years. We have formulated BDP
2100 in the way we want to build Bangladesh.”
–SHEIKH HASINA
Introduction:
|
B |
angladesh
is a rapidly developing country, envisaging to be middle income country in
2021, though currently dealing with complex problems on safety, (food)
security, population pressure and prone to natural calamities like floods,
cyclones, and droughts. Currently there is already a high pressure on the
available land and water resources in the delta. Current population growth is
approximately two million people per year. Due to population growth, economic
development and climate change, the pressures will only increase in future.
There is a high need within the Bangladesh delta to improve the living
conditions through better water management and governance. However, to optimize
short term interventions and investment and to prepare for future change, it is
necessary to develop an integrated andholistic long term vision.
What
is Delta Plan 2100?
The
most expansive definition of the Delta is the Bangladesh that Delta that
includes all districts that face various natural hazards owing to the deltaic
formation of and the related interface with the vast networks, the Bay of Bengal and climate
change. It is an indicative plan to improve safe living and sound economic
development in the delta, long term plan (50 to 100 years) and integrated and
holistic plan based on a vision about the future.
The
government would spend $37 billion by 2031 for ensuring food & water
security & fighting disasters, according to a draft of the delta plan
2100.The government of Bangladesh, in cooperation with the governments of the
Netherlands, aim to create the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100. It is the largest
dynamic delta of the world.
BDP
2100: Visions, Mission, Goals:
Vision: Achieving Safe, Climate Resilient and Prosperous Delta
Mission: Ensure long term water and food security,
economic growth and environmental
sustainability
while effectively reducing vulnerability to natural disasters and building
resilience
to climate change and other delta challenges through robust, adaptive and
integrated
strategies, and equitable water governance.
Higher
Level Goals
Goal
1: Eliminate extreme poverty by 2030
Goal
2: Achieve Upper Middle Income Country (UMIC) status by 2030
Bangladesh
Delta Plan 2100
Goal
3: Being a prosperous country beyond 2041 Delta (BDP 2100)
Goals
Goal
1: Ensure safety from floods and climate change related disasters
Goal
2: Ensure water security and efficiency of water usages
Goal
3: Ensure sustainable and integrated river systems and estuaries management
Goal
4: Conserve and preserve wetlands and ecosystems and promote their wise use
Goal
5: Develop effective institutions and equitable governance for in country and
trans-boundary WR management
Goal
6: Achieve optimal use of land and water resources
BDP
2100: Strata of Implementing Project
According
to General Economics Division (GED), this project will be materialized into
three
Phases
–
i.
First step: Till 2031
ii.
Second step: 2031-2050.
iii.
Third step: 2051-2100.
BDP
2100: Hotspot
Hotspot
is defined as “a place of significant activity or danger”. Hotspots are
prototypical areas where similar hydrological and climate change vulnerability
characteristics and problems converge also influenced by natural hazards. In
BDP 2100, Hotspot is a broadgrouping of districts and areas facing similar
risks evolved by Hydrology, climate change andnatural hazards.
Six
(6) Hotspot areas with challenges have been identified:
|
Hotspots |
Range |
Challenges |
|
1. Coastal
Zone |
27,738 sq. km |
Cyclonic
storms and tidal surges, Floods, Salinity, Waterlogging, River bank and
coastal erosion, Fresh water scarcity, Groundwater level decline |
|
2. Barind and
Drought ProneAreas |
22,848 sq. km |
Fresh water
scarcity, Flooding and water logging/drainage congestion, Groundwaterlevel
decline, Inadequate sanitation services. |
|
3. Haor and
Flash Flood |
16,574 sq. km |
Fresh water scarcity,
Flash Areas floods/monsoon floods, Waterlogging/drainage congestion, Lack of
water and sanitation services. |
|
4. Chattogram
Hill Tracts |
13,295 sq. km |
Fresh water
scarcity, Drinking water supply, Inadequate sanitation services, Biodiversity
decline. |
|
5. River
Systems and Estuaries |
35,204 sq. km |
Floods, Water
quality, Sedimentation and Navigation, River bed changes, erosion and
accretion. |
|
6. Urban
Areas |
19,823 sq. km |
Waterlogging/drainage
congestion, Fresh water scarcity, Waste and effluent management, Urban
governance. |
The
remaining area is identified as “Cross-cutting” areas characterized by a
combination of issues and challenges such as floods, drought, river bank
erosion, sedimentation, groundwater depletion, water pollution and water supply
and sanitation.
BDP
2100: Clustering of Themes and Baseline Studies
In
Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100, includes eight clusters with 19 themes to be
studied. And Baseline Studies includes: - Quick scans - Start up Document with
Study Plans - Study of Baseline Conditions.
·
Water
Resources: Morphological dynamics of Bangladesh Delta, Water resources, Coastal
Polder issues
·
Water Supply
and Sanitation: Public heath, water supply and sanitation
·
Disaster
Risk Reduction: Climate change issues, Disaster management
·
Spatial
Planning: Land resources, Urbanization and settlement
·
Food
Security: Agriculture and food security, Fisheries and livestock
·
Environmental
Management: Ecological Settings, Forest and biodiversity, Environmental
pollution.
·
Economics
and Finance: Growth of Population and Management in the context of resources
setting, Socio-economic and demographic condition, Sustainable Transportation
and Infrastructures.
·
Governance:
Information and creation of knowledge management Institution, Institutional
framework/arrangement, Regional cooperation.
BDP
2100: Fund
§
Bangladesh
currently invests very little (0.6-0.8 percent of GDP) in water related projects.
§
Creation of
Bangladesh Delta Fund with minimum financing of about 2.5% of GDP, of which
2.0% would be needed for new investments and 0.5% for O&M.
§
80% of the
overall spending (2.5% of GDP per annum) will be publicly funded and private
sector involvement will be limited to 20%, equivalent to 0.5 percent of GDP.
§
Sources of
Delta Fund would be GOB, Development Partners, Environment and Climate Change
related funds (GCF, GEF), PPP, etc.
§
Out of the
required 2.5% of GDP, only about 0.8% of GDP is currently allocated in the
budget.
BDP
2100: Opportunities
§
Decreasing
some natural calamities like flood, river erosion, etc.
§
Minimize
salinity of soil in the costal belt of the country.
§
Proliferating
agricultural production & food security.
§
Enhancing
drinking water supply.
§
Widening the
range of water flow in different rivers.
§
Adaptation
power will be soared high to reconciliate with climate change.
§
Escalating
economic development or GDP growth.
BDP
2100: Challenges
According
to IPCC (International Panel for Climate Change) and other studies shown that there
have several challenges to implement the Delta Plan 2100, illustrate below -
·
Rising
Temperatures (1.4 -1.9 0C increase by 2050, if extreme then 2 0C plus)
·
Rainfall
Variability (overall increase by 2030, but may decrease in Eastern and southern
areas)
·
Increased
Flooding (about 70% area is within 1m from Sea Level)
·
Droughts (mainly
Agricultural Drought)
·
River
Erosion (50,000 households on avg. become homeless each year)
·
Sea Level
Rise (SLR) and consequent Salinity Intrusion (by 2050 SLR may be up to
0.2 -1.0 m; salinity increase
by 1ppt in 17.5% & by 5ppt in 24% area)
·
Cyclones and
Storm Surges (Frequency and category will increase along with higher storm
surges)
· Funding
·
Debilitated
infrastructure
·
Water
Logging
·
Sedimentation
·
Trans-boundary
Challenges
Conclusion:
Bangladesh
has been ranked 7th again in “Global Climate Risk Index 2020”, as the most vulnerable
country around the world to climate change. With increasing climate risk, the country
has been dealing with frequent floods, cyclones, salinity, livelihood,
& biodiversity losses, impact on agriculture & food resources.
So the “Delta Plan 2100” is the key to encounter the impact of climate change
& come across the path towards the development of the country. By this
project, it will be easy to keeping alive our natural system, sundarban, as well
as easy to achieve economic development vision 2021 and 2041. Bangladesh can procure
burgeoning success if long term sustainable management system in water, environment
& soil can be ensured. “Delta Plan 2100” can be a effective medium to accelerate
economic growth to the Bangladesh national economy.
Name: MD. Mahdi Hassan
Session: 2015-16
Department of
Management
